البنزين Benzene (تعريفه – خواصه الفيزيائية – اكتشافه)



البنزين Benzene

– البنزين هو مركب عضوي أحدث اكتشافه ثورة جديدة ونهضة كبيرة في عالم الكيمياء فكان البذرة الأولى لنشأة علم جديد يعرف بالكيمياء العضوية ومن ثم بدأ العلماء في اكتشاف مركب تلو الآخر.

– يعتبر البنزين هو أبسط جزئ في الكيمياء العضوية العطرية. 

– هل تعلم أن تسمية وقود السيارات بالبنزين هي تسمية خاطئة ، حيث أن الجازولين هو الاسم الصحيح كيميائياً لوقود السيارات.

– البنزيـن هو أحد المكونات الطبيعية من النفط الخام، وهو سائل عديم اللون ، قابل للاشتعال، وله رائحة عطرية.

– يستخدم البنزيـن في العديد من الصناعات أهمها أنه يعتبر أحد المكونات المضافة إلى الجازولين لرفع و تحسين نسبة الاوكتان. حاليا استخدام البنزيـن في وقود السيارات أصبح محدوداً لما يعرف عنه انه من المواد المسرطنة و خطر إصابة جسم الأنسان بالتسمم كبير، وقدم تم حظر استخدامه في كثير من الصناعات في معظم الدول الأوربية.



– البنزيـن هو المركب الأساسي لعائلة المركبات الأروماتية الهيدروكربونية .

– والحلقة البنزينية مكونة من 6 ذرات كربون مرتبة بشكل سطحي على ستة زوايا لشكل سداسي منتظم ، وكل ذرة كربون متصلة بذرة هيدروجين.

– ومركب البنزيـن له رنين لمركبين من أشكال كيكولي.

البنزين Benzene (تعريفه - خواصه الفيزيائية - اكتشافه)

الخواص الفيزيائية للبنزين physical properties of Benzene 

  • سائل متطاير عديم اللون وله رائحة عطرية لطيفة 
  • تركيبة الكيميائي هو C6H6 ويمثل بحلقة سداسية
  •  يغلى عند درجة حرارة 80 Co ويتجمد عند 5.5 Co 
  • كثافته = 0.88 g/cm³ 
  • لا يذوب في الماء ولكن يذوب في المذيبات العضوية مثل الأثير 
  • مذيب جيد لكثير من المواد العضوية لذلك يستخدم في عمليات التنظيف الجاف وفي إذابة الدهون

ملاحظة هامة جداً:  تعتبر مجموعة البنزيـن من المواد المسرطنة 



اكتشاف البنزيـن

  لمعرفة مزيد من المعلومات عن البنزيـن ، ولمعرفة من الذى أكتشف البنزين ومن أول من أسماه بهذا الاسم؟ أضغط هنا أو تابع الفيديو التالي:

 

موضوعات هامة عن البنزين Benzene  يمكنك أيضا قراءتها على موقعنا:

(1) البنزيـن (تعريفه- خواصه الفيزيائية – اكتشافه) (Benzene (definition – physical properties – history

(2)  تسمية مشتقات البنزيـن  Nomenclature of benzene derivatives

(3) 10 طرق لتحضير البنزيـن Ten Methods of Benzene preparation

(4) تفاعلات البنزيـن Benzenereaction

(5) تفاعلات مشتقات البنزيـن Reaction of benzene derivatives

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